Chandipura Virus (CHPV) Outbreak: A Detailed Analysis

Overview

The Chandipura virus (CHPV), a member of the Rhabdoviridae family, has recently caused significant concern in parts of India, particularly Gujarat. This virus, transmitted primarily through sandflies, has been linked to severe outbreaks of encephalitis, especially affecting children.

Recent Outbreak

Since June 2024, Gujarat has reported a surge in Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) cases, with 78 cases in children under 15 years of age. Of these, nine were confirmed to be caused by CHPV, resulting in 28 deaths. The outbreak has prompted the Gujarat government to initiate extensive vector control measures and public awareness campaigns.

➡️ @DghsIndia અને @MoHFW_INDIA #Gujarat, #Rajasthan અને #MadhyaPradesh માં વધતા ચાંદીપુરા વાયરસના કેસો અને એક્યુટ એન્સેફાલીટીસ સિન્ડ્રોમના કેસોની નિષ્ણાંતો સાથે સમીક્ષા કરી રહ્યું છે

➡️ ગુજરાતને મદદ કરવા માટે એક મલ્ટિડિસિપ્લિનરી સેન્ટ્રલ ટીમ તૈનાત કરવામાં આવી #chandipuravirus pic.twitter.com/4vv2PPhTDK

— DD News Gujarati (@DDNewsGujarati) July 21, 2024

Symptoms and Transmission

CHPV infection typically presents with rapid onset of fever, diarrhea, vomiting, and reduced consciousness, often leading to fatal outcomes within 48-72 hours. The virus is primarily spread by sandflies, particularly during the monsoon season. It can also be transmitted by mosquitoes, including Aedes aegypti.

Government Response

The Union Health Ministry, along with experts from AIIMS, NIMHANS, and other institutions, has reviewed the situation and emphasized the need for comprehensive epidemiological, environmental, and entomological studies. Gujarat’s Chief Minister has launched a mega drive for vector control and containment of the virus.

Historical Context

CHPV was first identified in 1965 in Maharashtra. Previous outbreaks in 2003-04 in central India resulted in over 300 deaths, primarily among children. The virus’s rapid progression and high mortality rate make it a significant public health concern.

Preventive Measures

With no specific treatment available, preventive measures are crucial. These include vector control, maintaining hygiene, and early detection. Public awareness campaigns are essential to educate communities about the importance of these measures.

Conclusion

The recent outbreak of CHPV in Gujarat highlights the need for vigilant public health measures and research to better understand and combat this deadly virus. Continued efforts in vector control, public awareness, and early detection are vital to prevent future outbreaks.